![]() ![]() There were several failed attempts to establish both unitary and federal governments. This confederation expired 2006 as Montenegro declared its independence.Įmirate system United Arab Emirates Īrgentina is a federation made up of 23 provinces and its Federal Capital, Buenos Airesįederalism in Argentina was the result of a long lasting debate and several civil wars after the May Revolution of 1810 and subsequently, the independence in 1816. The Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, from 1992 to 2003 was a federal state until it became a confederation titled the State Union of Serbia and Montenegro. Currently it is a unitary state with Zanzibar retaining a degree of autonomy as a federated state. The United Republic of Tanzania, formerly the United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar, was the union of Tanganyika and Zanzibar, and maintained a two-part federal system. It was a political movement to weaken the central government in Paris by devolving power to the provinces. The United States of Colombia operated between 18.Ĭzechoslovakia, until the Czech Republic and the Slovak Republic separated in 1993.ĭuring the French Revolution, especially in 1793, "federalism" had an entirely different meaning. ![]() The Federal Republic of Cameroon operated between 19. It is striking that while many scholars of the EU continue to resist analyzing it as a federation, most contemporary students of federalism view the EU as a federal system (See for instance, Bednar, Filippov et al., McKay, Kelemen, Defigueido and Weingast). Nevertheless, for the purposes of the analysis here, the EU has the necessary attributes of a federal system. Those uncomfortable using the “F” word in the EU context should feel free to refer to it as a quasi-federal or federal-like system. Since the presidency of François Mitterrand (1981–1995), the French authorities have adopted a much more pro-European Unification position, as they consider that a strong EU is presenting the best "insurance" against a unified Germany which might become too strong and thus a threat for its neighbours. The strongest advocates of European federalism have been Germany, Italy, Belgium and Luxembourg while those historically most strongly opposed have been the United Kingdom, Denmark and France (with conservative heads of state and governments). Īlthough the drafts of both the Maastricht Treaty and the Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe mentioned federalism, the reference never made it to the text of the treaties adopted by consensus. ![]() ![]() Those organizations exercised influence in the European unification process, but never in a decisive way. Territorial organisation of European countriesįollowing the end of World War II, several movements began advocating a European federation, such as the Union of European Federalists and the European Movement, founded in 1948. ![]()
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